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las empresas de vestuario de Estados Unidos
se deshicieran de salas de patronaje, salas de muestras, salas de corte,
bodegas de telas y el personal que cubría dichas áreas.
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suppliers. This
allowed the U.S. apparel companies to divest themselves of pattern rooms,
sample rooms, cutting rooms, fabric warehouses and the personnel that
staffed those areas.The shift to Asian garment suppliers has been a steady
stream over the past ten years. The true extent of this shift was camouflaged
by the boom years of the 1990’s when U.S. apparel companies were
growing and expanding. The unit volumes of purchases were increasing
at tremendous rates. Even Central American factories benefited from the
increased unit volume – it helped offset a portion of losses to
overseas competition. As the economy began to slow in late 2000, soft sales left many U.S. apparel companies with high inventories. These companies began to significantly reduce new garment orders, in both the amount of styles offered and in the unit volumes per style. Until then, the Western Hemisphere had been sliding by, not changing their businesses to keep pace with global competition. The tragedy of September 2001 left U.S. apparel companies frantically scrambling to cancel orders. Apparel manufacturers, who were just beginning to understand the impact of the reduction of volume and shift to Asian manufacturing, were left completely startled and stranded in the wake of 9/11. For the U.S. apparel companies, the Asian model for service is simple. The sourcing managers need to work with only one entity – regardless of whether that entity is an agent, a trading company, a satellite office, or a vertical factory. A sketch or technical specification is handed to a garment supplier who in turn handles the product development (patterns, samples, raw materials, trims), quotes a price and delivery and receives a purchase order for production. The garment supplier is responsible for arranging the purchase of all the raw materials, the production of the garments, the quality assurance and compliance inspections and the on-time delivery. Behind the supplier is a network of other companies and factories that provide all the services needed to develop and produce the garments. This network can be complex, with as many different companies and factories as there are steps in the raw material, product development and manufacturing process; or as simple as one company – a completely integrated, vertical manufacturer that produces everything from the raw materials to the finished garment. Whatever the structure of the garment supplier, it is irrelevant to the U.S. sourcing companies. In fact, the exact structure and ownership are often unknown. What is of importance is that there is only one supplier to deal with, and that supplier must be capable of supplying the full package. Unfortunately, what has become commonplace in Asia, is not the norm in Mexico or Central America. Through such trade legislation as “807” and NAFTA, the United States has created a “contractor mentality” in the Western hemisphere. |