las empresas de vestuario de Estados Unidos se deshicieran de salas de patronaje, salas de muestras, salas de corte, bodegas de telas y el personal que cubría dichas áreas.
El cambio hacia los proveedores de prendas asiáticos ha sido constante durante los últimos diez años. La verdadera extensión de este cambio se vio disfrazada durante los años de expansión de los 90’s, cuando las empresas de confección de Estados Unidos crecían y se ampliaban. Los volúmenes unitarios de compras aumentaban a tasas increibles. Incluso las fábricas de Centroamérica se beneficiaron del incremento en volumen unitario y ello colaboró a mitigar parte de las pérdidas ante la competencia alrededor del mundo.
Conforme la economía comenzó a desacelerarse a finales del año 2000, las compras reducidas dejaron a muchas empresas de confección de Estados Unidos con inventarios enormes. Estas empresas comenzaron a reducir ostensiblemente sus nuevas órdenes de prendas, tanto en cantidad de estilos que ofrecían como en volumen de unidades por estilo. Hasta entonces, el Hemisferio Occidental había estado manteniéndose, sin cambiar sus negocios para mantener el ritmo con la competencia global. La tragedia de septiembre del 2001 hizo que las empresas de vestuario corriesen histéricas a cancelar órdenes. Los fabricantes de vestuario, que recién empezaban a comprender el impacto de la reducción de volumen y el cambio a los fabricantes asiáticos, se asom-braron y quedaron en vilo a raíz del 11 de septiembre.

Para las empresas de confección de Estados Unidos, el modelo asiático de servicio es simple: Los gerentes de sourcing necesitan trabajar sólo con una entidad, sin importar si dicha entidad es un agente, una compañía comercial, una oficina satélite o una fábrica vertical. Se entrega un boceto o especificación técnica a un proveedor de prendas quien a su vez maneja el desarrollo de producto (patrones, muestras, materias primas, adornos), cotiza un precio y entrega, y recibe la orden de compra para producir. El proveedor de prendas es responsable de arreglar la compra de todas las materias primas, la producción de prendas, la garantía de calidad y

 

suppliers. This allowed the U.S. apparel companies to divest themselves of pattern rooms, sample rooms, cutting rooms, fabric warehouses and the personnel that staffed those areas.The shift to Asian garment suppliers has been a steady stream over the past ten years. The true extent of this shift was camouflaged by the boom years of the 1990’s when U.S. apparel companies were growing and expanding. The unit volumes of purchases were increasing at tremendous rates. Even Central American factories benefited from the increased unit volume – it helped offset a portion of losses to overseas competition.
As the economy began to slow in late 2000, soft sales left many U.S. apparel companies with high inventories. These companies began to significantly reduce new garment orders, in both the amount of styles offered and in the unit volumes per style. Until then, the Western Hemisphere had been sliding by, not changing their businesses to keep pace with global competition. The tragedy of September 2001 left U.S. apparel companies frantically scrambling to cancel orders. Apparel manufacturers, who were just beginning to understand the impact of the reduction of volume and shift to Asian manufacturing, were left completely startled and stranded in the wake of 9/11.
For the U.S. apparel companies, the Asian model for service is simple. The sourcing managers need to work with only one entity – regardless of whether that entity is an agent, a trading company, a satellite office, or a vertical factory. A sketch or technical specification is handed to a garment supplier who in turn handles the product development (patterns, samples, raw materials, trims), quotes a price and delivery and receives a purchase order for production. The garment supplier is responsible for arranging the purchase of all the raw materials, the production of the garments, the quality assurance and compliance inspections and the on-time delivery. Behind the supplier is a network of other companies and factories that provide all the services needed to develop and produce the garments. This network can be complex, with as many different companies and factories as there are steps in the raw material, product development and manufacturing process; or as simple as one company – a completely integrated, vertical manufacturer that produces everything from the raw materials to the finished garment.
Whatever the structure of the garment supplier, it is irrelevant to the U.S. sourcing companies. In fact, the exact structure and ownership are often unknown. What is of importance is that there is only one supplier to deal with, and that supplier must be capable of supplying the full package.
Unfortunately, what has become commonplace in Asia, is not the norm in Mexico or Central America. Through such trade legislation as “807” and NAFTA, the United States has created a “contractor mentality” in the Western hemisphere.
<ANTERIOR
SIGUIENTE>

 

SPECIAL REPORT - SUPPLY CHAIN - RAW MATERIAL - CUSTOM - COMPLIANCE- HOME