|
||||||||||
|
||
| |
||
resumen, tenían total y estricto
control de todo el proceso. Para lograrlo, las empresas de confección
mantenían departamentos internos para R&D, diseño,
desarrollo de productos, patronaje, cosido de muestras y compra de materias
primas (tela, accesorios, etiquetas, etc.). |
|
apparel companies
maintained internal departments for R&D, design, product development,
pattern making, sample sewing and purchasing of the raw materials (fabric,
trims, labels, etc). Many companies were also involved in the manufacturing process. They maintained cutting rooms or sent the fabric out to be cut, then shipped the cutwork to contractors for sewing, embroidery, finishing, etc. Usually the cutting and sewing were located in the U.S. or in near-by areas such as Mexico and Central America for ease of monitoring the manufacturing. With 60-70% or more of the total garment value in the raw materials, the companies, who purchased these materials, had a vested interest in keeping a close watch on the manufacturing processes. As apparel companies began to shift their manufacturing to Asia for cheaper labor, they needed satellite offices or agents to represent their interests overseas. Asian companies were quick to realize that the easier manufacturing was for the U.S. apparel companies, the greater the business opportunities for Asia. Not only did Asia, and Hong Kong in particular, offered a full range of product development and manufacturing services, from pattern and sample making to finishing, but they further expanded into the development and purchasing of all the raw materials. While expanding the breadth of their offering, they have maintained a speed of service, especially in sample production, that is not matched in the Western Hemisphere. Thus they took on the entire garment development and manufacturing process and full ownership and responsibility of the process. This was even extended to all export and import matters: quota, freight, duty, and shipping. In a word, they provide Service. They offer the “full package” and have established a new benchmark for companies in the Western Hemisphere that want to supply the U.S. market. With any and all product development and manufacturing services being offered by these all-in-one garment suppliers, the U.S. apparel companies began to downsize their internal departments, which had previously done these same functions. With
the cooling of the U.S. economy in the past few years, apparel companies needed
to reduce their overhead and operating expenses. This was easily accomplished
by shifting much of the ownership of the development and manufacturing process
to their garment |